The National Cheng Kung University Museum is composed of the main museum, the campus environment museum, and the professional museums of colleges and departments, making the entire National Cheng Kung University a big museum.

The main museum is responsible for the collection, research, display, and promotion of school-level cultural assets (including environmental museums), and assists in the establishment of history museums of colleges and departments and the display and promotion of cultural assets. The historical sites and unique ecological environment museums on the campus, the research, preservation, and display of cultural assets of colleges and departments constitute a professional museum group. The museum encourages teachers to research, preserve, and display objects related to teaching, research, and service, train students to become volunteers with a passion for service, and help educate students to become global citizens with professional knowledge and cultural literacy.